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To explain the related system from Microsoft, describtion below has covering either  XP, Vista and Server 2003 features.

First, Windows XP

XP is pretty straight forward. When you buy a new PC, will usually have loaded with Windows XP. If it is a desktop, the sticker is usually on the side of the case. For notebooks, the sticker is usually underneath. The sticker contains your Windows product key which is your license. You are only allowed to use that license on one PC. You can transfer it to another PC but you must remove Windows from the originally PC first. You can activate Windows XP an unlimited amount of times.

Second, Windows Vista

Just like its same, there are rules apply to Vista as to XP with some minor changes. There are two activations over the Internet. If that gets exceeded you will need to call Microsoft to activate. Common reasons for needing to activate Windows again include: 1.Reformatting your hard drive

2.Moving Windows to a different PC

3 A Major Hardware Change (normally changing the motherboard).

Third, Windows Server 2003

This is what usually confuse you.

At first, we can explain the two common uses for a server.

1. Application Server – Users log into the server to run applications directly installed on the server. Typical called Terminal Services.

2. File Server – Data drives are mapped from the server to the workstations for the purposes of having a common location for files and/or databases.

When you install Windows Server 2003 it needs to be activated just like XP and Vista do. When you buy the operating system it will usually comes with 5 user licenses. If you plan on using it as an application server (Terminal Services) those 5 licenses do NOT mean you can connect up to 5 users to the server. You still need to purchase Terminal Services User Licences for every user you plan on connecting. Those 5 licenses that came with the operating system are Windows licenses. So let’s say you have 10 users that need to connect. You then need 10 user licenses AND 10 terminal services user licenses for a total of 20 licenses for your 10 users. Confused yet? Well it gets better.

Other devices we will talk about as belowing.

One is Per Device, this is from Microsoft “A Per Device CAL provides each client computer the right to access a terminal server that is running Windows Server 2003. The Per Device CAL is stored locally and presented to the terminal server each time the client computer connects to the server.”

Per Device licenses cannotbe transferred to another computer.

Two, Per User, different from Microsoft’s Per User licensing mode you must have one license for every user.

What it means is that you must manually set the server to “Per User” TS licensing. Then install the licenses on the server, so whenever a user tries to log in, an available license will be used. You can have as many users as you have the appropriate licenses for.

The “Per User” method is not tracked. It is said that there is no way to enforce the license usage and you can exceed your connections. For example, if you only have 5 licenses, and are set to “Per User” there will be nothing to stop you from connecting 100 users.

Besides the system of Microsoft, there are also many authority certifications designed by microsoft which aimed to prove the technicals abilities. Such as 70-290,70-291,70-270,70-620,70-431.

To get more information about those certifications, you can go for the website like testking and pass4sure, where explain in detail.